| Thermal Coal (Reference Values) |
Type of coal: It is primarily bituminous, hard, and has excellent combustion properties.
Calorific value: Varies by region, reaching up to 11,000–14,000 BTU per pound (or up to 7,000 kcal/kg in the highest quality coals).
Low pollutants: It has reduced percentages of sulfur and ash, making it a cleaner and more competitive option compared to other international coals. Typical composition (unwashed):
Approximate moisture of 6%, ash of 11%, volatile matter close to 33%, and fixed carbon averaging 58%.
|
50,000 - 160.000 MT/Month
|
Metallurgical Coal (Reference Values)
|
Low sulfur and phosphorus content: Ideal for the production of high-quality steel without corrosive impurities.
High calorific value and combustion: Provides the energy and carbon needed for steelmaking blast furnaces.
Bituminous range: The vast majority is of the bituminous type, characterized by its hardness and ability to soften and melt properly during the coking process.
|
5,000 - 30,000 MT/Month
|
Antracitas (Valores referenciales)
|
Appearance: Intense black color with a metallic sheen or very characteristic bluish tones.
Composition: It has a very low percentage of volatile matter, moisture and sulfur, which reduces the emission of pollutants.
Hardness and durability: It is a compact carbon that is resistant to physical wear, preventing it from crumbling easily during handling or use.
Absence of impurities: It is free of clays, slates, foreign soils or organic matter foreign to the mineral.
|
5,000 - 35,000 MT/Month
|
Petcoke Verde (Reference values)
|
High Fixed Carbon Content: It constitutes the basis of the material, normally being between 85% and 92% of its total mass.
High Sulfur Level: This is one of its distinctive characteristics. Because it comes from heavy crude oils, the sulfur content typically ranges from 2.5% to over 4.5%, which classifies a large part of the production as fuel-grade coke.
Presence of Heavy Metals: Contains remarkably high concentrations of vanadium and nickel, intrinsic chemical elements of Venezuelan hydrocarbons from the FPO.
Volatile Matter: It registers ranges from 11.5% to 12.35% (and can reach 14%), which gives it a slow, stable and prolonged combustion.
|
50,000 - 200,000 MT/Month
|
Cokes (Reference values)
|
Low in phosphorus: It has reduced concentrations of phosphorus, a highly valued quality and uncommon in coking coals from other regions.
Composition and mixtures: It is produced by combining metallurgical coals of low, medium and high volatilities.
Structure: It is a porous and resistant material obtained by carbonizing mineral coal at high temperatures without the presence of air.
|
10,000 - 50,000 MT/Month
|